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Islam represents the final iteration of the Abrahamic faiths, initiated by Adam, the first human, and completed by the Prophet Muhammad over 1,400 years ago in the Arabian Peninsula. It is a divine and conclusive religion, grounded in innate purity and rational principles. Known as a comprehensive lifestyle, Islam promises salvation to all its true followers, across all times and places.
The mass media often portrays Islam inaccurately, with major global powers frequently labelling Islam with terrorism, extremism, and radicalism. Despite these negative portrayals, Islam remains the fastest-growing religion worldwide and is projected to surpass Christianity in the number of followers by 2050.
The sacred text of Islam, known as "The Qur'an," was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel over a period of 23 years. In contrast to the sacred scriptures of Judaism and Christianity, which have undergone losses and reconstructions from various sources and alterations, the Qur'an has been preserved in its original form, unaltered and unchanged, for over 1,400 years.
At the heart of Islamic doctrine is a strict monotheism known as Tawheed, emphasising the belief that God is uniquely one and unlike anything else in creation. Islam is grounded in the Qur’an as well as the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and his holy progeny (Ahlul Bayt). Its teachings encompass religious rituals like daily prayers (Salah), Fasting in the month of Ramadan and pilgrimage to Makkah, character development known as Akhlaq, and legal guidelines that cover civil, criminal, and economic matters, alongside principles of defensive warfare and spiritual practices that deepen one's connection to God.
Islam presents itself as a unifying framework for religious belief, claiming to be the definitive divine revelation that follows a prophetic lineage of 124,000 messengers from Adam to Muhammad. It aims to consolidate and clarify the teachings of all previous faiths. As a result, Islam adopts an inclusive and ecumenical approach toward other religions, avoiding division and exclusivity.
Islam shares many beliefs with Judaism and Christianity, including the existence of angels, the Hebrew prophets, the virgin birth and bodily ascension of Jesus, the continuation of life after death, the resurrection, the Day of Judgment, heaven and hell, and the presence of the devil. However, its interpretations of these concepts often diverge from those of its predecessors. For instance, Islam maintains that none of the prophets sinned, contrary to biblical accounts of Noah, David, and Solomon; it teaches that Satan is not a fallen angel but a powerful jinn made of smokeless fire; it views Jesus as a prophet rather than the Son of God and denies his crucifixion; and it holds that both Adam and Eve were equally responsible for eating from the forbidden tree.
Muslims are primarily divided into two major sects: Shia and Sunni. The primary distinction lies in their views on the Prophet Muhammad's succession. Shias believe the rightful successors are divinely appointed individuals from the Prophet’s family, specifically the 12 infallible Imams, who are seen as the most spiritual, knowledgeable, and virtuous members of the community. Sunnis, on the other hand, believe that successors can be any individual from the community, regardless of the method by which they come to power. Beyond this significant difference, the practices and core beliefs of both sects are nearly identical.
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