Answer: In Islamic theology, there are some affirmative or positive attributes of God, known as “Sifat al-Thubutiyya” (صفات الثبوتية). These are attributes that affirm certain qualities of God, describing what God is, as opposed to negative attributes known as “Sifat al-Salbiyya” (صفات السلبية), which describe what God is not. The Sifat al-Thubutiyya are essential for understanding the nature of God in Islamic theology and are considered inherent and eternal aspects of His essence.

Here is the list of Sifat al-Thubutiyya:

1. Al-Hayat (الحياة) – Life: God is living and His life is eternal, without beginning or end.

2. Al-Ilm (العلم) – Knowledge: God is all-knowing. His knowledge encompasses everything, past, present, and future.

3. Al-Qudra (القدرة) – Power: God is all-powerful and has the power to do anything that is within the realm of possibility.

4. Al-Irada (الإرادة) – Will: God has will and volition. He wills whatever happens in the universe and nothing happens without His will.

5. Al-Sam‘ (السمع) – Hearing: God hears all sounds, whether loud or soft, hidden or apparent without having ears.

6. Al-Basar (البصر) – Seeing: God sees all things, regardless of whether they are visible or hidden without having eyes.

7. Al-Kalam (الكلام) – Speech: God has the attribute of speech. This is understood in various ways among different Islamic theological schools, but it generally affirms that God communicates His will and guidance.

8. Al-Khalq (الخلق) – Creation: God is the creator of everything that exists. He brings things into existence from nothing.

9. Al-Rizq (الرزق) – Sustenance: God provides sustenance and provision to all His creation.

Answer:  In Islamic theology, Sifat al-Salbiyya (صفات السلبية) refers to the negative attributes of God. These attributes describe what God is not, emphasizing His transcendence and perfection by negating any imperfections or deficiencies. 

Here is the list of Sifat al-Salbiyya:

1. Al-Adam (العدم) - Non-existence: God does not lack existence. He is eternally existent and never ceases to exist.

2. Al-Huduth (الحدوث) – Origination: God is not originated or created. He has no beginning and is eternal, without being brought into existence.

3. Al-Fana' (الفناء) – Perishability: God does not perish. He is everlasting and eternal, never coming to an end.

4. Al-Mumathala lil Hawadith (المماثلة للحوادث) - Resemblance to Created Things:

            God does not resemble His creation in any way. He is unique and incomparable.

5. Al-Ihtiyaj (الاحتياج) – Dependence: God is not dependent on anything or anyone. He is self-sufficient and independent.

6. Al-Makan (المكان) – Location: God is not confined to any place or spatial location. He exists beyond the limitations of space.

7. Al-Jihat (الجهة) – Direction: God is not confined to any direction (such as above, below, etc.). He transcends all directional limitations.

8. Al-Mahdudiyya (المحدودية) – Finiteness: God is not finite. He is infinite and limitless in His essence and attributes.

9. Al-Sharik (الشريك) – Partner: God has no partners or associates. He is One and unique in His divinity.

10. Al-Tahawwul wal Zawal (التحول والزوال) - Change and Decay: God does not undergo any change or decay. He is immutable and constant.

These negative attributes are crucial in Islamic theology as they emphasize the transcendence and uniqueness of God, differentiating Him from His creation. By understanding these attributes, believers can appreciate the divine nature of God, acknowledging His perfection and absolute otherness.

Answer: In Islam, God is known by many names and attributes, each reflecting different aspects of His nature and essence. These names and attributes are collectively known as the Asma'ul Husna (أسماء الله الحسنى), which means "The Most Beautiful Names." There are 99 names traditionally listed, but they are considered to encompass the infinite and perfect nature of God. Here are some of the key names and attributes:

1. Ar-Rahman (الرَّحْمَـٰنُ): The Most Merciful: Reflects God's boundless compassion and mercy towards all creation.

2. Ar-Rahim (الرَّحِيمُ): The Most Compassionate: Emphasizes God's particular mercy towards believers.

3. Al-Malik (ٱلْمَلِكُ): The King, The Sovereign: Signifies God's ultimate authority and dominion over all things.

4. Al-Quddus (ٱلْقُدُّوسُ): The Most Holy: Reflects God's purity and perfection, being free from any imperfection.

5. As-Salam (ٱلْسَّلَامُ): The Source of Peace: Indicates God as the giver of peace and safety.

6. Al-Mu'min (ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ): The Inspirer of Faith: Reflects God's role in granting security and faith to His believers.

7. Al-Muhaymin (ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ): The Guardian: Emphasizes God's protective and watchful nature over His creation.

8. Al-Aziz (ٱلْعَزِيزُ): The Almighty: Signifies God's unparalleled strength and power.

9. Al-Jabbar (ٱلْجَبَّارُ): The Compeller: Reflects God's power to enforce His will in the universe.

10. Al-Mutakabbir (ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ): The Supreme: Indicates God's grandeur and majesty, being above all creation.

11. Al-Khaliq (ٱلْخَالِقُ): The Creator: Reflects God's ability to create from nothing.

12. Al-Bari' (ٱلْبَارِئُ): The Evolver: Indicates God's role in bringing about the creation in perfect proportions.

13. Al-Musawwir (ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ): The Fashioner: Emphasizes God's ability to shape and form His creations.

14. Al-Ghaffar (ٱلْغَفَّارُ): The Forgiving: Reflects God's endless capacity to forgive sins.

15. Al-Qahhar (ٱلْقَهَّارُ): The Subduer: Indicates God's power to subdue and control His creation.

16. Al-Wahhab (ٱلْوَهَّابُ): The Bestower: Emphasizes God's generosity in giving freely.

17. Ar-Razzaq (ٱلرَّزَّاقُ): The Provider: Reflects God's provision of sustenance and resources to all creation.

18. Al-Fattah (ٱلْفَتَّاحُ): The Opener: Indicates God's ability to open all doors of opportunity and solutions.

19. Al-Alim (ٱلْعَلِيمُ): The All-Knowing: Reflects God's infinite knowledge of all things past, present, and future.

20. Al-Qabid (ٱلْقَابِضُ): The Withholder: Indicates God's power to withhold provision or mercy as He wills.

21. Al-Basit (ٱلْبَاسِطُ): The Extender: Reflects God's ability to extend or expand sustenance and mercy.

22. Al-Khafid (ٱلْخَافِضُ): The Abaser: Indicates God's power to bring down or humble the proud.

23. Ar-Rafi' (ٱلرَّافِعُ): The Exalter: Reflects God's ability to raise and elevate His creation.

24. Al-Mu'izz (ٱلْمُعِزُّ): The Honourer: Indicates God's power to bestow honor and dignity.

25. Al-Mudhill (ٱلْمُذِلُّ): The Dishonourer: Reflects God's power to humiliate and disgrace those who oppose Him.

26. As-Sami' (ٱلسَّمِيعُ):The All-Hearing: Reflects God's attribute of hearing all sounds and prayers.

27. Al-Basir (ٱلْبَصِيرُ): The All-Seeing: Indicates God's ability to see everything, hidden or visible.

28. Al-Hakam (ٱلْحَكَمُ): The Judge: Reflects God's ultimate authority in judgment.

29. Al-Adl (ٱلْعَدْلُ): The Just: Indicates God's perfect justice in all affairs.

30. Al-Latif (ٱلْلَّطِيفُ): The Subtle One: Reflects God's gentle and refined nature, understanding all hidden things.

31. Al-Khabir (ٱلْخَبِيرُ): The All-Aware: Indicates God's full awareness and knowledge of all matters.

32. Al-Halim (ٱلْحَلِيمُ): The Forbearing: Reflects God's patience and tolerance towards His creation.

33. Al-Azim (ٱلْعَظِيمُ): The Magnificent: Indicates God's greatness and grandeur.

34. Al-Ghafur (ٱلْغَفُورُ): The All-Forgiving: Reflects God's extensive forgiveness.

35. Ash-Shakur (ٱلشَّكُورُ): The Grateful: Indicates God's gratitude towards those who do good.

36. Al-Ali (ٱلْعَلِيُّ): The Most High: Reflects God's exalted status above all.

37. Al-Kabir (ٱلْكَبِيرُ): The Most Great: Indicates God's supreme greatness.

38. Al-Hafiz (ٱلْحَفِيظُ): The Preserver: Reflects God's ability to protect and preserve all things.

39. Al-Muqit (ٱلْمُقِيتُ): The Sustainer: Indicates God's role in sustaining and nourishing His creation.

40. Al-Hasib (ٱلْحَسِيبُ): The Reckoner: Reflects God's ability to bring all to account.

41. Al-Jalil (ٱلْجَلِيلُ): The Majestic: Indicates God's majestic and splendid nature.

42. Al-Karim (ٱلْكَرِيمُ): The Generous: Reflects God's generosity and nobility.

43. Ar-Raqib (ٱلرَّقِيبُ): The Watchful: Indicates God's vigilant and observant nature.

44. Al-Mujib (ٱلْمُجِيبُ): The Responsive: Reflects God's responsiveness to prayers and requests.

45. Al-Wasi' (ٱلْوَاسِعُ): The All-Encompassing: Indicates God's vastness and all-encompassing nature.

46. Al-Hakim (ٱلْحَكِيمُ): The Wise: Reflects God's perfect wisdom in all actions.

47. Al-Wadud (ٱلْوَدُودُ): The Loving: Indicates God's love and affection for His creation.

48. Al-Majid (ٱلْمَجِيدُ): The Glorious: Reflects God's glory and honor.

49. Al-Ba'ith (ٱلْبَاعِثُ): The Resurrector: Indicates God's power to bring the dead back to life.

50. Ash-Shahid (ٱلشَّهِيدُ): The Witness: Reflects God's presence as a witness to all events.

51. Al-Haqq (ٱلْحَقُ): Ultimate Reality: God is the ultimate and absolute reality, the foundation of all existence. Everything else derives its reality and truth from Him.

Answer: Islam promotes gender equity based on spiritual and moral responsibilities rather than identical roles. Both men and women have rights and responsibilities that complement each other within family and society. Islam advocates for justice and fairness in all aspects of life, including education, employment, and legal rights.

Answer: Islam encourages Muslims to be stewards of the Earth and advocates for environmental conservation and sustainability. Social justice is also a central theme in Islam, emphasizing equality, fairness, and compassion towards marginalized communities. Muslims are encouraged to actively promote these values through positive actions and advocacy.

Answer: Muslims can maintain their religious identity in secular societies by practicing Islam sincerely, seeking knowledge about their faith, and being confident in their beliefs. It's important to engage constructively with others, participate in community activities, and educate others about Islam to dispel misconceptions and foster understanding.

Answer: Education and intellectual development are highly valued in Islam, as seeking knowledge is considered an obligation for both men and women. Muslims are encouraged to pursue education in various fields, contribute positively to society, and use their knowledge to benefit humanity while upholding Islamic ethics and principles.

Answer: Divine justice, known as Adl (عدل) in Arabic, is a fundamental concept in Islamic theology. It is considered the second of five roots of Islam known as “Usool ul-Deen” Adl refers to the absolute fairness and perfect justice of God in all His actions and decrees. God has created every creation based on His divine justice. This concept is integral to understanding the relationship between God and His creation, as well as the moral and ethical framework within which Muslims are expected to live. The Quran repeatedly emphasizes that God does not wrong anyone, and everyone will be judged based on their actions.

The divine justice is intertwined with God’s attributes of mercy, compassion, and wisdom. Muslims believe that God’s justice will be fully realized on the Day of Judgment, where every individual will be held accountable for their actions in this life. This belief provides a moral and ethical foundation for living a life of righteousness, fairness, and accountability.

Answer: According to the holy Quran, the Angels (Mala'ika) are spiritual beings created by Allah from light. They are considered obedient servants of Allah who carry out His commands without question. They do not possess free will like humans and jinn. The Angels are generally invisible to humans but can take on different forms, including human form, when delivering messages from Allah.

Answer: According to the holy Quran, Angels have 5 different roles and functions:

1. Messengers of Allah: Angels serve as messengers between Allah and His prophets. The angel Jibrail (Gabriel) is the most prominent in this role, having delivered the Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad (SAWAS)

2. Recorders of Deeds: Each person has two angels assigned to them, known as Kiramal Katibin, who record their good and bad deeds. These records will be used on the Day of Judgment.

3. Guardians: Angels are believed to protect and guide humans. For example, the Mu'aqqibat is a group of angels that protect individuals from harm.

4. Angels of Death: The angel Azrael is responsible for taking the souls of the deceased. Other angels assist in the process of death and the journey of the soul in the afterlife.

5. Punishment and Reward: Angels administer the rewards and punishments in the afterlife. For instance, Munkar and Nakir question the dead in their graves, while Ridhwan is the keeper of Paradise and Malik is the guardian of Hell.