Answer: Islam is fundamentally rooted in the belief in a Creator, Allah, who is the origin and Sustainer of all existence. From this perspective, any interpretation of evolution must align with the acknowledgment of divine creation.
- Evolution as a Divine Process:
If the theory of evolution is understood as the idea that Allah created life in stages, allowing species to develop through His will and design, this concept does not inherently conflict with Islamic teachings. The Quran frequently mentions that creation occurred in phases:- "And He created you in stages." (Quran 71:14)
- "Do they not see that Allah created the heavens and the earth and everything in between them in stages?" (Quran 46:3)
This aligns with the possibility of a divinely guided evolutionary process, where Allah remains the ultimate cause behind all natural phenomena.
- Rejection of Atheistic Evolution:
If the theory of evolution is presented as an explanation for the origins of life without a Creator—claiming that life emerged and progressed solely through random processes or the self-driven development of matter—Islam categorically rejects such a view. This perspective contradicts the foundational Islamic belief in Allah as the sole Creator of all existence.
The Quran explicitly states:
- "Were they created by nothing, or were they the creators [of themselves]?" (Quran 52:35)
- "Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the Maintainer of everything." (Quran 39:62)
Such a view, denying the role of Allah in creation, is considered Kufr (disbelief), as it undermines the central tenet of faith in a purposeful and intentional Creator.
- Adam’s Creation and Human Evolution:
Islam asserts the special creation of Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) as the first human being, formed by Allah’s will and command:- "Indeed, the example of Jesus to Allah is like that of Adam. He created him from dust; then He said to him, 'Be,' and he was." (Quran 3:59)
While this affirms the direct creation of Adam, it does not preclude the possibility of other forms of life developing through Allah's guidance before or alongside his creation. However, humans are unique in their spiritual and intellectual capacity, a distinction bestowed directly by Allah.
- Islamic Perspective on Science and Faith:
Islam encourages the pursuit of knowledge and reflection on the natural world as a means to appreciate Allah's greatness:- "Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and day, are signs for those of understanding." (Quran 3:190)
Scientific theories, including evolution, are tools to explore the mechanisms of Allah’s creation. However, they must not be mistaken for explanations that negate the divine role in the existence and development of life.
Conclusion: Islam does not inherently oppose the concept of evolution if it is viewed as a process guided by Allah’s will. However, atheistic interpretations of evolution that deny the Creator are incompatible with Islamic belief. Muslims are encouraged to engage with science while firmly grounding their understanding in the recognition of Allah as the ultimate Creator and Sustainer of all things.